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Crimson Publishers_Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Ajay Dhakal in Novel Approaches inCancer Study The role of immune system in treating cancer is being increasingly seen as important [1]. Cancer cells have oncogenic mutations and express neo-antigens that make them distinct from normal cells thus prone to immune recognition. However, cells of innate and adaptive immune system which recognize and destroy these cells are held in check by various molecular pathways called “immune checkpoints” [2]. Attempts have been made to block these immune checkpoints to develop anticancer immunotherapies. Blockage of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) and Programmed Death 1 (PD1), the first 2 checkpoint receptors to be discovered, has been studied widely in various cancers. Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS)’s ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against CTLA4, was efficacious and produced a durable response against melanoma. It was approved as the standard treatment for melanoma ...

Crimson Publishers_Novel Approaches in Cancer Study

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Novel Approaches in Cancer Study is an international peer-reviewed open access journal that aims to encourage scientists from all over the world to publish their experimental and theoretical results. NACS publishes high quality papers in all aspects related to cancer, especially, new methods, concepts, new regimens, therapeutic agents and alternative approaches in detection and intervention of cancer. NACS provides online open access to the advanced research in all the aspects of cancer, oncology as diagnosis, detection, treatment, new therapies cause and biomarkers of cancer etc. NACS also provides latest updates in oncology. NACS seeks to impart highly relevant and timely information to a broad audience of oncology and related specialists in the field. NACS accomplishes the objective by publishing original review articles and case studies that facilitate the transfer of knowledge from laboratory to sphere and contribute in cancer prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment ...