Crimson Publishers_Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Ajay Dhakal in Novel Approaches inCancer Study The role of immune system in treating cancer is being increasingly seen as important [1]. Cancer cells have oncogenic mutations and express neo-antigens that make them distinct from normal cells thus prone to immune recognition. However, cells of innate and adaptive immune system which recognize and destroy these cells are held in check by various molecular pathways called “immune checkpoints” [2]. Attempts have been made to block these immune checkpoints to develop anticancer immunotherapies. Blockage of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) and Programmed Death 1 (PD1), the first 2 checkpoint receptors to be discovered, has been studied widely in various cancers. Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS)’s ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against CTLA4, was efficacious and produced a durable response against melanoma. It was approved as the standard treatment for melanoma ...