Crimson Publishers- Novel Approaches in Cancer Study

  Opinion Breast cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in women [1]. According to the latest cancer report of the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2020, new patients with breast cancer accounted for 2.26 million (11.7% of new cases), surpassing lung cancer (11.4%) for the first time as the most common type of cancer worldwide [2]. The morbidity and mortality increased year by year, rapidly increased with age after 30 years old, and reached the peak at about 55 years old. With the development of diagnosis and treatment technology, the survival rate and survival time of patients with breast cancer are increasing year by year. The 5-year survival rate can reach more than 85%. In a sense, breast cancer has become a chronic disease. At the same time, we must see that the mental health in patients with breast cancer has become an important factor affecting the quality of life [3]. While we are concerned about the treatment of malignan...

Introduction Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the innate (non-specific) immune defense against microbial pathogens in a wide range of organisms including humans [1,2]. Mammalian cells secrete different kinds of AMPs, such as Human Beta-Defensins (HBD-1 or HBD-4) in the epithelium and leukocytes, histatins in saliva, and cathelicidins (CAP18 or CAMP) in neutrophils and the epithelium [3,4]. Mycobacteria trigger epithelial cells to express AMPs. AMPs have nonspecific cytotoxicity against a wide range of normal and malignant targets, and direct lyse mycobacteria by permeabilizing the cellular membranes [5,6]. Some bacteria protect themselves against AMPs by secreting special proteins that inhibit their function, such as Streptococcal İnhibitor of Complement (SIC) and D-Alanine: D-Alanyl carrier protein ligase (DltA) [7-10]. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is commonly used as the most effective immunotherapeutics for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladde...

  Abstract A 57-year-old Caucasian woman, presented to our Endoscopy Unit, complaining several episodes of rectal bleeding during the last 2 weeks, associated with lower abdominal and back pain, mild weight loss and asthenia. On presentation, the patient was hemodynamically stable. Her laboratory tests showed normocytic anemia of 10g/dL, increase of creatine chinase of 264U/L, and mild hypopotassemia (3.4 mEq/l). Moreover, she reported a family history for gastric cancer (father), and she was surveilled by our Oncological center for a recurrent neoplastic disease and for a systemic autoimmune disease, for many years stable under treatment with cycles of radiotherapy, imatinib mesylate, steroids, levothyroxine, and semestral zoledronic acid. After she underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, a bulky ulcerated rectal mass, of suspected extraparietal origin, was revealed in (Figure 1) and (Figure 2). Multiple random biopsies were obtained from the normal mucosa as well as separately fro...

 Abstract T cells are central players in cancer immune response. The discovery of T cell immune pathways has revealed several inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that affect the differentiation and activation of T cell. Theses pathways represent ideal candidates that can be targeted to augment in-vivo. T cell immune response against tumors. In this mini review we will try to reveal some inhibitory and stimulatory T cell immune pathways to which efforts of those interested in cancer immunotherapy can be directed. Read More About This Article:  https://crimsonpublishers.com/nacs/fulltext/NACS.000570.php Read More  Crimson Publishers Google Scholar  Articles:  https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=3gM53m4AAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=3gM53m4AAAAJ:4OULZ7Gr8RgC

Abstract Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential for several biochemical reaction. Serum Pi is maintained at relatively narrow range concentrations, between 0.7 and 1.55mM. Tumor microenvironment presents a high Pi concentration (1.8±0.2mM Pi) and this could be associated wi the rapid growth in the “Growth Rate Hypothesis”. Several studies have identified high expression of Pi transporters in various tumor tissues. Similarly, ecto-enzymes (like ecto-nucleotidases or ecto- phosphates) act by dephosphorylating phosphosubstrates in the extracellular environment, and its high expression has been observed in various types of cancer. Little is known about the function of these ecto-enzymes on Pi releasing and accumulation in the tumor environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to correlate a possible contribution of the Pi release in the tumor microenvironment by ecto-nucleotidases and ecto-phosphatases, concomitant to the regulation of Pi extracellular pool by specific Pi...

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the dose received by the spinal cord and the esophagus by the use of TLD in a Plexiglas phantom. Methods: The study was carried out with a Plexiglas phantom that was specifically designed for this purpose. Three Plexiglas phantoms of the neck and upper mid thoracic area were built based on the specifications of “reference man” and Body Mass Index (B.M.I) by the use of Corel Draw 8 software. The phantoms were heavy, medium and light built in size. The dose was determined by placing TLD cheaps at each marked location inside each phantom and exposing them to radiation for ten different set-ups. Results: Based on different measurements it was concluded that using a gantry angle of 57o, a 30o wedge and a 15o rotation of the head of the table toward the gantry head will result in esophagus and spinal cord receiving the maximum and minimum dose respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results a better dose hom...

 Abstract Unique amongst most solid malignancies, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are addicted to a few specific oncogenic drivers and are uniformly resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics but sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Similar to all cancers, GISTs are heterogenous and subclassified into distinct entities according molecular alterations. It is unquestionable that mutational status offers both prognostic as well as predictive value to guide clinical management of GISTs in both advanced/metastatic and curative/(neo)adjuvant settings. One would therefore assume that mutational analysis would be routine and adopted routinely in terms of timing in the clinical management of GIST, but in practice the assessment of mutational analysis is not adopted routinely. In this paper we will discuss the impact of mutational analysis on clinical management of GIST, as well as review currently guidelines for mutational analysis and review possible reasons for lack ...

Abstract Human growth, as a rule, is studied in the youthful period, limited to the first 20-30 years of life. This is largely due to the fact that a person’s linear growth in height ends by 18-22 years old Bogin [1]. A person’s weight reaches a maximum by 25-30 years Zotin [2]. However, a change in body mass occurs throughout life. In addition, growth is usually accompanied by biorhythms even during periods when changes in average body weight are not observed. The initial goal of the work was to identify growth biorhythms in adults measuring my weight for example. However, during the study, diseases that affect body weight were discovered. Accordingly, the purpose of the work has changed. Read More About This Article:  https://crimsonpublishers.com/nacs/fulltext/NACS.000566.php Read More  Crimson Publishers Google Scholar  Articles:  https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=3gM53m4AAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80...

  Introduction The world has a persistent plastic pollution problem and despite tremendously societal awareness we state the efforts of the International Scientific Community (ISC) are heavily lagging behind politics and other organizations, which we will substantiate further. On October 12, 2018, President Trump called out other nations, including China and Japan, for “making our oceans into their landfills” when he signed a legislation to improve efforts to clean up plastic trash from the world’s oceans [1]. Also, The European Parliament voted positively October 26, 2018 to approve a measure to ban single-use plastic across the continent which assignment hopefully could be enforced as early as 2021 [1]. This may be the first time in human history concerning ecological problems that politics and social media are at the forefront and the ISC is lagging behind. The accumulation of plastic waste in the oceans is a global, rapidly growing problem. Especially in recent years...